25361

Bài 1:

a) Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}.\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{b}{a}=\frac{d}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{b^2}{a^2}=\frac{d^2}{c^2}.\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{b^2}{a^2}+1=\frac{d^2}{c^2}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{b^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{a^2}=\frac{d^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2}.\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{b^2+a^2}{a^2}=\frac{d^2+c^2}{c^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}=\frac{c^2}{c^2+d^2}\left(đpcm\right).\)

Bài 4:

Bài 1:

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=t\Rightarrow a=bt; c=dt\). Khi đó:

a)

\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}=\frac{(bt)^2}{(bt)^2+b^2}=\frac{b^2t^2}{b^2(t^2+1)}=\frac{t^2}{t^2+1}(1)\)

\(\frac{c^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{(dt)^2}{(dt)^2+d^2}=\frac{d^2t^2}{d^2(t^2+1)}=\frac{t^2}{t^2+1}(2)\)

Từ $(1);(2)$ suy ra đpcm.

b)

\(\left(\frac{a+c}{b+d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{bt+dt}{b+d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{t(b+d)}{b+d}\right)^2=t^2(3)\)

\(\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{(bt)^2+(dt)^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{t^2(b^2+d^2)}{b^2+d^2}=t^2(4)\)

Từ $(3);(4)\Rightarrow \left(\frac{a+c}{b+d}\right)^2=\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}$ (đpcm)

Bài 2:

Từ $a^2=bc\Rightarrow \frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{a}$

Đặt $\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{a}=t\Rightarrow a=ct; b=at$. Khi đó:

a)

$\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+a^2}=\frac{(ct)^2+c^2}{(at)^2+a^2}=\frac{c^2(t^2+1)}{a^2(t^2+1)}=\frac{c^2}{a^2}=(\frac{c}{a})^2=\frac{1}{t^2}(1)$

Và:

$\frac{c}{b}=\frac{a}{tb}=\frac{a}{t.at}=\frac{1}{t^2}(2)$

Từ $(1);(2)$ suy ra đpcm.

b)

$\left(\frac{c+2019a}{a+2019b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{c+2019a}{ct+2019at}\right)^2=\left(\frac{c+2019a}{t(c+2019a)}\right)^2=\frac{1}{t^2}(3)$

Từ $(2);(3)$ suy ra đpcm.

Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)

Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)

Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)

Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)

Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*

\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{​​}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c

P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:

1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)

bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko

3a biến đổi tí là xong

b tuong tự bài 1 

a)Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)

Suy ra \(\begin{cases}a=bk\\c=dk\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2=\frac{ab}{cd}\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{bk-b}{dk-d}\right)^2=\frac{bkb}{dkd}\)

Xét VT \(\left(\frac{bk-b}{dk-d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{b\left(k-1\right)}{d\left(k-1\right)}\right)^2=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^2=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(1\right)\)

Xét VP \(\frac{bkb}{dkd}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) =>Đpcm

Giải:

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)

Ta có:

\(a=bk\)

\(c=dk\)

a) Ta có:
 

\(\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{bk-b}{dk-d}\right)^2=\left[\frac{b\left(k-1\right)}{d\left(k-1\right)}\right]^2=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^2\) (1)

\(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bkb}{dkd}=\frac{b^2.k}{d^2.k}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^2\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2=\frac{ab}{cd}\left(đpcm\right)\)

b) Ta có:

\(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^3=\left(\frac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^3=\left[\frac{b\left(k+1\right)}{d\left(k+1\right)}\right]^3=\left(\frac{d}{b}\right)^3\) (1)

\(\frac{a^3-b^3}{c^3-d^3}=\frac{\left(bk\right)^3-b^3}{\left(dk\right)^3-d^3}=\frac{b^3.k^3-b^3}{d^3.k^3-d^3}=\frac{b^3.\left(k^3-1\right)}{d^3.\left(k^3-1\right)}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^3\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra\(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a^3-b^3}{c^3-d^3}\) (đpcm)

b)Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)

Suy ra \(\begin{cases}a=bk\\c=dk\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a^3-b^3}{c^3-d^3}\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^3=\frac{\left(bk\right)^3-b^3}{\left(dk\right)^3-d^3}\)

Xét VT \(\left(\frac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^3=\left(\frac{b\left(k+1\right)}{d\left(k+1\right)}\right)^3=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^3=\frac{b^3}{d^3}\left(1\right)\)

Xét VP \(\frac{\left(bk\right)^3-b^3}{\left(dk\right)^3-d^3}=\frac{b^3k^3-b^3}{d^3k^3-d^3}=\frac{b^3\left(k-1\right)}{d^3\left(k-1\right)}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) =>Đpcm

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)\(=>\hept{\begin{cases}a=b.k\\c=d.k\end{cases}}\)

\(\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{b.k-b}{d.k-d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{b.\left(k-1\right)}{d.\left(k-1\right)}\right)^2\)\(=\frac{\left(b^2.\left(k-1\right)^2\right)}{\left(d^2.\left(k-1\right)^2\right)}=\frac{b^2.\left(k-1\right)^2}{d^2.\left(k-1\right)^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)\(\left(1\right)\)

\(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{b.k.b}{d.k.d}=\frac{b^2.k}{d^2.k}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) => \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2=\frac{ab}{cd}\)

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}\)= \(\frac{c}{d}\)= k  => a= bk ; c = dk 
\(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\) = \(\frac{\left(bk-b\right)^2}{\left(dk-d\right)^2}\)= \(\frac{b^2.\left(k-1\right)^2}{d^2.\left(k-1\right)^2}\)= \(\frac{b^2}{d^2}\) (1)

\(\frac{ab}{cd}\)= \(\frac{bk.b}{dk.d}\)= \(\frac{b^2}{d^2}\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) ->> \(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\) = \(\frac{ab}{cd}\) 

BÀI 2: Áp dụng tc của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\frac{2a+b+c}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c}{c}=\frac{4a+4b+4c}{a+b+c}=4\) 

\(\Rightarrow2+\frac{b+c}{a}=2+\frac{a+c}{b}=2+\frac{a+b}{c}=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a+c}{b}=\frac{a+b}{c}=2\)

Vậy N = 6

BÀI 1: Theo đề bài, ta có:

\(ac+c^2=b^2+bd\Rightarrow c\left(a+c\right)=b\left(b+d\right)\Rightarrow c\left(a+c\right)+bc=b\left(b+d\right)+bc\)\(\Rightarrow c\left(a+b+c\right)=b\left(b+c+d\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{c}\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\left(\frac{b}{c}\right)^3=\frac{b^2b}{c^2c}=\frac{acb}{bdc}=\frac{a}{d}\).

1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)

\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\)  (1) 

áp dụng (x² +y² +z²)(m²+n²+p²) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)

(2a²bc +b²c² + 2b²ac+a²c² + 2c²ab+a²b²). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\)   <=> (ab+bc+ca)². VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\)  ( vậy (1) đúng)

dấu '=' khi a=b=c

4b, \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}=1-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+1-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+1-\frac{ca^2}{a^2+c^2}\)

\(\ge3-\frac{ab^2}{2ab}-\frac{bc^2}{2bc}-\frac{ca^2}{2ac}=3-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)

4c, 

\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}+\frac{b+1}{c^2+1}+\frac{c+1}{a^2+1}=a+b+c-\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}-\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+3--\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}-\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\)\(\ge6-2\cdot\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=3\)

Bài 2 :

Ta có :

\(\dfrac{2a+b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+2b+c}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+2c}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+b+c}{a}-1=\dfrac{a+2b+c}{b}-1=\dfrac{a+b+2c}{c}-1\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}\)

* Nếu \(a+b+c=0\), Ta suy ra các đẳng thức sau :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\c+a=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay các đẳng thức vừa tìm được vào N, ta có :

\(N=\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow N=\dfrac{-c}{c}+\dfrac{-a}{a}+\dfrac{-b}{b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow N=-1+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-3\)

* Nếu \(a+b+c\ne0\)

Để \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2c\\b+c=2a\\c+a=2b\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay các đẳng thức vào N ta có :

\(N=\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow N=\dfrac{2c}{c}+\dfrac{2a}{a}+\dfrac{2b}{b}=2+2+2=6\)

Vậy.....

tik mik nha !!!